The specific type formed at this stage, the chylomicrons, are the largest of all lipoproteins, with a molecular mass of up to 10 10 Dalton, a diameter up to 1 µm, and approximately 10 7 molecules of triacylglycerol. disturbed metabolism of lipoproteins - changes in remodelation of particles abnormal composition: LP-X (liver cirrhosis), small dense LDL - catabolism of lipoproteins III. PROF. BILETS M.V. • Half-life in blood is about 1 hour • Lipoprotein lipase (LpL) is located at endothelial layer of capillaries of adipose tissue, muscles & heart. Assembly of chylomicrons occurs in the intestinal lining and results in a nascent chylomicron that contains lipids and apolipoproteins. • Apo-CII present in chylomicrons activates LpL. Cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans facilitate the interaction of apoE-containing remnant lipoproteins with the LRP, which mediates uptake by hepatocytes. Micelle Protein Triglyceride Long-chain fatty acids Chylomicron Large lipids such as monoglycerides and long-chain fatty acids combine with bile, forming micelles that are sufficiently water soluble to penetrate the watery solution that bathes the absorptive cells. Chylomicrons. Metabolism of chylomicrons • Site of metabolism: • Adipose tissue & skeletal muscle. Comprehensive description of various primary dyslipidemias, cholesterol transport and molecular mechanisms involved. Lipid metabolism – 2. II. After addition of carbohydrate residues in G, they are released from the cell by reverse pinocytosis. The chylomicrons also transport dietary cholesterol; this is discussed in slide 11.4.3. The reactions in this initial stage are the same as in ketogenesis (see slide 10.4.1).However, while ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria, HMG-CoA destined for … Chylomicrons transport lipids absorbed from the intestine to adipose, cardiac, and skeletal muscle tissue, where their triglyceride components are hydrolyzed by the activity of the lipoprotein lipase, allowing the released free fatty acids to be absorbed by the tissues. Regulation and pathology of lipid metabolism. The major protein component is apo B-48 but they also contain apo A-I, apo A-II and apo A-IV. Chylomicrons are the largest and most buoyant class of lipoprotein. combination of abovementioned mechanisms + interaction of genetically susceptible background and non genetic effects (nutritional, metabolic, disease states) • This enzyme is absent in liver. ASSOC. In plasma lipid metabolism, the LRP is important because it is the backup receptor responsible for the uptake of apoE-enriched remnants of chylomicrons and VLDL. tissues. Like chylomicrons, the main function of VLDL is the Chylomicrons pass into the lymphatic system. With protein they are transported by chylomicrons; 32 Monoglyceride. Chylomicrons appear in the blood about 2 hours after a meal and disappear from the blood about 16 hours after a meal (having been taken up by the liver). Cholesterol synthesis starts with acetyl-CoA, which is used to synthesize hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA). After secretion, they acquire apo E and apo C from HDL. Chylomicrons are formed in … 20. They are large and concentrated enough to visibly cloud your plasma. Metabolism of chylomicrons Apolipoprotein B, synthesized in the RER, is incorporated into lipoproteins in the SER, the main site of synthesis of triacylglycerol. 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